Therefore, the bridgedeck section should be one of the main parts of the fatigue analysis for a bridge. Bailey bridges are in regular use throughout the world. Providing bailey bridges we maintain new zealands civil emergency bridging stock bailey bridges. Analysis of heavy girder bridge fatigue failures sciencedirect. Bailey bridge on sales quality bailey bridge supplier. Available to hire or buy, the compact 200 c200 system is mabeys most widely used modular bridging product and is available for both permanent and temporary applications. This approach is described in detail in bailey 1996. Bailey bridge service factsheet nz transport agency. The extended program of fatigue tests was carried out at the british ministry of defences military vehicles and engineering establishment, birthplace of the bailey bridge just before world war ii, and today acknowledged, among other achievements. Fatigue cracks are still a cause for concern because they will continue to grow and eventually reach a.
Failure due to flooding, ice floes, floating timber and hurricane. Strainbased fatigue crack monitoring of steel bridges. Fatigue cracks usually nucleate at the surface where stresses are highest and where corrosive environment and changes in geometry exist. Prediction of fatigue life of reinforced concrete bridges. The wood and steel bridge elements were small and light enough to be carried in trucks and lifted into place by hand, without the use of a crane. This 788 metres 2,585 ft, twolane bridge crossed the derwent river at hobart, australia. Macroscopic fatigue cracksoften grow in the plane of the maximum tensile stress. Uk military bridging equipment the bailey bridge think. A bailey bridge is a modular form bridge system that is versatile and relatively quick to erect and dismantle. A bailey bridge in place over the gap within within 6 weeks and a full replacement of the three spans was opened in december 1973 less than six months after the collapse. A bailey bridge is a type of portable, prefabricated, truss bridge. Known fatigue cracks found bridge subject to unusually heavy loads quarry loads. The correct identification of fatigueprone details in a bridge, along with wellplanned inspection routines and successful strengthening and repair schedules, can contribute. When completed, the traffic will use the singlelane temporary.
Jun 01, 2000 the bailey bridge, however, has had extensive military and civilian use over 50 years during which fatigue cracking has occurred during civilian use. The major airframe fatigue test maft is performed prior to the aircraft going into operation. This can be configured to provide variable span lengths and. The fraser flat bridge is a road bridge 14 feet wide x 53 feet long, composed of five rows of steel trusses with a castinplace concrete deck. It was the best thing in that line that we ever had. Fatigue properties the name fatigue is based on the concept that a material becomes tired and fails at a stress level below the nominal strength of the material. It was opened around a year after the tasman bridge disaster destroyed the only river crossing, dividing the city in two.
How a bridge won wwii without the bailey bridge, we should not have won the war. Inspecting steel bridges for fatigue pdf course brochure hosted at your location. Inspecting steel bridges for fatigue currently required by indot for complex and fracturecritical bridge inspection qualification. A micro crack can be initiated below the fatigue limit but it does not grow into macro cracks due to microstructural barrier schijve, 2003. Cracking, fracture assessment, and repairs of green river. It provides singlelane vehicle access for temporary or semipermanent use. These can cause immediate loss of part or all of the capacity of the structure and in the worst case will cause collapse. Manual for repair and retrofit of fatigue cracks in steel bridges.
Prefabricated compact bailey bridge portable steel. After derailing due to metal fatigue in one of its metal tyres, the hanoverbound intercityexpress high speed train collided with a road bridge, causing it to collapse onto part of the train. Inspecting steel bridges for fatigue pdf when cracks are discovered on bridges in service, fatigue is usually the cause. Fatigue cracks are induced in steel specimens equipped with secs, and data measured continuously. Manual for repair and retrofit of fatigue cracks in.
Serious loss of section, deterioration, spalling or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. The basic component of a bailey bridge is a threemetre long truss panel. Wsdot maintenance crews work to assemble a bailey bridge across the aging sr 508 south fork newaukum river bridge, mon. Preventive maintenance of steel bridge components consists. The bailey bridge kit set systems are ideal for use in emergency situations such as when bridges collapse or are washed out and as temporary structures for planned events such. Bridge construction, bridge decks, truss bridges, fatigue strength.
It was developed in 19401941 by the british for military use during the second world war and saw extensive use by british, canadian and us military engineering units. Fatigue analysis and life prediction of bridges with. International journal of bridge engineering ijbe, vol. Bailey bridge definition and meaning collins english. Permanent bailey bridge steel frame bridge with simple structure description. Fatigue life of damaged bridge deck panels strengthened with. The resulting compression in the concrete deck offers enhanced resistance to cracking. Evaluation of dapped girder end details on steel highway.
The trusses were assembled from world war ii vintage bailey bridge panels, with each truss five panels long. Bailey bridge definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Steel bridge fatigue crack detection with piezoelectric wafer. Test results show that the fatigue crack can be detected at an early stage. For a fatigue damage theory to quantify the enhancement due to strengthening, all these factors need to be included. Repairs to cracked stone harbor bridge to take at least a. Spans for highway use, typical bailey bridge clear spans range from 20 ft to 200 ft. This booklet has been prepared as a to the general problem of bridge faljue and to a is.
This manual is a synthesis of published literature as well as the collective experience gathered from participants of a workshop held at lehigh university august 1415, 2002. Bailey bridges which are portable steel bridge have been widely used in various fields. Bailey bridge trusses are known to suffer fatigue cracks found in the welds and panels, and are. With a heritage stretching back over 70 years to the original bailey bridge system, the systems extensive use worldwide pays testament to its versatility. Dislocations play a major role in the fatigue crack initiation phase. A perfect solution, a temporary bailey bridge detour for the contractor. The collapse created a molasses wave up to 25 feet high, traveling at up to 35 mph at its peak. These fatigue cracks can lead to failure if the remaining uncracked section can no longer carry the loads experienced by the structure. For the purposes of this project, the bridge was considered representative of bridges employing dapped details. The hoan bridge is a rare example of the worstcase scenario. Bailey bridges are still widely used, either old stocks, straight copies or the evolved designs from mabey and acrow. Reduces the resistance of a component to fatigue failure. Fatigue life of damaged bridge deck panels strengthened.
Montgomery one of the three pieces of equipment that most contributed to our victory in festung europa. Steel bridge fatigue crack detection with piezoelectric. The design value of the fatigue strength is thus rsk. Fatigue cracks were discovered in the bridge and will be closed to traffic until repairs are made. The bailey bridge is a space truss structure composed entirely. The bridge model kit can be used for instruction in all phases of m2 bailey bridge construction. Witnesses reported hearing what sounded like gunshots, as the rivets shot out of the 50 foot tall tank. Repairs to cracked stone harbor bridge to take at least a week. While on the subject of dislocations, it is appropriate to briefly discuss fatigue. Bridge deck sections are constructed by connecting many plates, beams and bars by welding, rivets or some other way.
Microscopicfatigue cracksusually nucleate and grow on planes of maximum shear. The life of a fatigue crack has two parts, initiation and propagation. Multiplespan bridges of any length are possible by incorporating intermediate supporting piers. The bailey panel bridge system retained the same basic design, but adopted a. A bailey bridge has the advantages of requiring no special tools or heavy equipment to assemble. Between 1970 and 1981, numerous fatigue cracks were discovered at the ends of cover plates in this bridge.
Bailey bridge definition of bailey bridge by merriamwebster. Work is underway to address a large fatigue crack found in the girder of a historic bridge that serves as the main entryway to the town of stone harbor in cape may county, nj. Each of the three details from figure 2 was studied in turn as though it constituted the dapped girder ends of the casestudy bridge. S,fat applied to reinforcement is the same as that for strength and thus. Hoan bridge investigation steel structures bridges. Detail of a bailey bridge panel klaiber and wipf 2004.
One of their most common uses is in post natural disaster mitigation where the slower build times, in comparison with modern military equipment bridging, is less of a concern and the lost cost and ability to use local labour is attractive. Fatigue cracks are still a cause for concern because they will continue to grow and eventually reach a size where brittle fracture will occur. The bailey bridge was a britishdesigned portable prefabricated truss bridge, designed for use by military engineering units to bridge gaps up to 200 feet wide. Fullscale fatigue testing an overview sciencedirect. Stamatopoulos educational staff at hellenic army corps of engineers email. Bailey bridge, fatigue load model, fatigue verification for shear. Bridgedeck sections are constructed by connecting many plates, beams and bars by welding, rivets or some other way. The extended use of bailey bridging prompted comprehensive programmes of fatigue tests of bridge panels. Fatigue limit, also called endurance limit, is the minimum stress amplitude that can nucleate a crack that grows until failure. The inspection of a steel bridge with a view to detecting fatigue cracks before they. Cracked stone harbor bridge reopening delayed news. Inspecting steel bridges for fatigue cai purdue university. Fatigue design of bridges from although the fatigue limit state is an ultimate limit state, it requires a different approach to design from that of other limit states because failure is associated with the cumulative damage caused by repeated application of common levels of stress. Focusing on the two types of cracks, especially the deck plate cracks, the research projects have been conducted for the following objectives.
In most cases, fatigue cracking in bridges resulted from an inadequate experimental base and overly optimistic specification provision developed from the experimental data in the 1960s. The bailey bridge, however, has had extensive military and civilian use over 50 years during which fatigue cracking has occurred during civilian use. A suggested method of instruction for bridge construction is given in appendix c. Fatigue is one of the primary reasons for the failure of structural components. The bridges were introduced into service in 1942 and first used by allied units in combat beginning in 1943 during the second world war. Evaluation of dapped girder end details on steel highway bridges. Fatigue cracks in a bridge are likely to appear at the location of these connections.
Providing bailey bridges waka kotahi nz transport agency. The 86yearold drawbridge has been closed since oct. It can also be used for instruction in demolition of the equipment, both in place and stockpiled. The estimated design life of an aircraft is based on fullscale fatigue testing of complete test articles under simulated fatigue loading. Its built by contractors industrial construction co. Bailey road bridge condition michigan bridge status. Therefore, the bridge deck section should be one of the main parts of the fatigue analysis for a bridge.
The green river bridge, 126 near asheville, north carohna, was opened to traffic in 1969. Early in 1987, bridge inspection crews from the florida department of transportation discovered over 100 cracks in the steel box girders carrying the ramps of interstate highway 110 at its southern terminus in downtown pensacola, florida. Bailey town rd bridge condition louisiana bridge status. Investigation of prefabricated steeltruss bridge deck systems. In steel bridges, fatigue is often a major problem limiting the loadcarrying capacity and the residual life of existing bridges. The facts that the original bulk design strengths are not exceeded and the only warning sign of an impending fracture is an often hard to see crack, makes fatigue damage.
1 1466 525 1234 210 2 547 1516 873 100 951 959 158 205 1432 1371 370 800 1189 1072 546 1329 180 157 1306 1481 1335 744 1146 254 816 239 836 415 1488 1121 1194 992 150 1049 1324 810